SS-31

SS-31

$49.00
$49.00
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SS-31
  • SS-31
  • SS-31
SS-31

SS-31

$49.00
$49.00

SS-31 (Elamipretide): A Mitochondria-Targeting Compound

Overview

SS-31 (also known as elamipretide, MTP-131, or Bendavia) is a synthetic, cell-penetrating tetrapeptide research compound designed specifically to target and protect mitochondria. It is extensively studied for its potential to improve mitochondrial function and reduce oxidative stress in preclinical models of age-related and degenerative diseases.

Note on Regulatory Status: While your original text correctly notes its widespread use as a laboratory research compound, it is worth updating that elamipretide recently gained accelerated FDA approval (under the brand name Forzinity) specifically for the treatment of Barth syndrome, a rare mitochondrial disorder. However, outside of this highly specific prescription use, it remains unapproved for general human therapeutic use or consumption.

Mechanism of Action

SS-31 interacts directly with cardiolipin, a key phospholipid exclusively found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. By binding to cardiolipin via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, the peptide stabilizes the mitochondrial cristae structure and function without acting as a classical antioxidant.

Key Benefits of SS-31 Research

These benefits highlight SS-31’s potential as a tool for understanding mitochondrial dysfunction and its role in degenerative diseases:

  • Mitochondrial Protection: Targets and binds to cardiolipin to stabilize mitochondrial membranes and enhance overall mitochondrial function.

  • Reduction of Oxidative Stress: Mitigates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, significantly reducing oxidative damage to cells.

  • Improved Energy Production: Enhances ATP synthesis by preserving mitochondrial efficiency and optimizing the electron transport chain.

  • Anti-Apoptotic Effects: Protects cells from programmed cell death in models of severe mitochondrial dysfunction.

  • Potential Neuroprotective Properties: Demonstrates potential benefits in preclinical models of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and ALS.

  • Cardioprotective Effects: Improves heart function and reduces damage in models of ischemia-reperfusion injury and heart failure.

  • Anti-Inflammatory Action: Reduces mitochondrial-driven inflammation across multiple disease models.

  • Broad Applications: Actively studied for use in various conditions driven by mitochondrial dysfunction, including muscular dystrophy, chronic kidney disease, and aging-related physical decline.

Chemical Structure & Properties

  • Peptide Sequence: D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 (where "Dmt" represents a modified tyrosine residue: 2,6-dimethyltyrosine)

  • Molecular Formula: $C_{32}H_{49}N_{9}O_{5}$

  • Molecular Weight: 639.8 g/mol

  • CAS Number: 736992-21-5 (free base)

  • IUPAC Name: (2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2R)-2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-N-[(2S)-1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]hexanamide

Structural Note: This specific sequence and structure give the peptide a net 3+ positive charge. This charge is exactly what promotes its strong electrostatic association with the anionic headgroups of cardiolipin, allowing it to preferentially accumulate inside the inner mitochondrial membrane.

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