{"product_id":"ss-31","title":"SS-31","description":"\u003ch3 data-path-to-node=\"1\"\u003eSS-31 (Elamipretide): A Mitochondria-Targeting Compound\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"2\" id=\"p-rc_c38eead61115e9d7-46\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"2\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eOverview\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"2\" id=\"p-rc_c38eead61115e9d7-46\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-60 citation-end-60\"\u003eSS-31 (also known as elamipretide, MTP-131, or Bendavia) is a synthetic, cell-penetrating tetrapeptide research compound designed specifically to target and protect mitochondria.\u003csup class=\"superscript\" data-turn-source-index=\"1\"\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"citation-59 citation-end-59\"\u003eIt is extensively studied for its potential to improve mitochondrial function and reduce oxidative stress in preclinical models of age-related and degenerative diseases.\u003csup class=\"superscript\" data-turn-source-index=\"2\"\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote data-path-to-node=\"3\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"3,0\" id=\"p-rc_c38eead61115e9d7-47\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-58\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-58\"\u003eNote on Regulatory Status:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-58 citation-end-58\"\u003e While your original text correctly notes its widespread use as a laboratory research compound, it is worth updating that elamipretide recently gained accelerated FDA approval (under the brand name Forzinity) specifically for the treatment of Barth syndrome, a rare mitochondrial disorder.\u003csup class=\"superscript\" data-turn-source-index=\"3\"\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e However, outside of this highly specific prescription use, it remains unapproved for general human therapeutic use or consumption. \u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"4\" id=\"p-rc_c38eead61115e9d7-48\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"4\" id=\"p-rc_c38eead61115e9d7-48\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-57\"\u003eSS-31 interacts directly with \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4\" data-index-in-node=\"50\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-57\"\u003ecardiolipin\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-57 citation-end-57\"\u003e, a key phospholipid exclusively found in the inner mitochondrial membrane.\u003csup class=\"superscript\" data-turn-source-index=\"4\"\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"citation-56 citation-end-56\"\u003eBy binding to cardiolipin via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, the peptide stabilizes the mitochondrial cristae structure and function without acting as a classical antioxidant.\u003csup class=\"superscript\" data-turn-source-index=\"5\"\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-path-to-node=\"6\"\u003eKey Benefits of SS-31 Research\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"7\"\u003eThese benefits highlight SS-31’s potential as a tool for understanding mitochondrial dysfunction and its role in degenerative diseases:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-path-to-node=\"8\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"8,0,0\" id=\"p-rc_c38eead61115e9d7-49\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-55\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"8,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-55\"\u003eMitochondrial Protection:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-55 citation-end-55\"\u003e Targets and binds to cardiolipin to stabilize mitochondrial membranes and enhance overall mitochondrial function.\u003csup class=\"superscript\" data-turn-source-index=\"6\"\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"8,1,0\" id=\"p-rc_c38eead61115e9d7-50\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-54\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"8,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-54\"\u003eReduction of Oxidative Stress:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-54 citation-end-54\"\u003e Mitigates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, significantly reducing oxidative damage to cells.\u003csup class=\"superscript\" data-turn-source-index=\"7\"\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"8,2,0\" id=\"p-rc_c38eead61115e9d7-51\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-53\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"8,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-53\"\u003eImproved Energy Production:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-53 citation-end-53\"\u003e Enhances ATP synthesis by preserving mitochondrial efficiency and optimizing the electron transport chain.\u003csup class=\"superscript\" data-turn-source-index=\"8\"\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"8,3,0\" id=\"p-rc_c38eead61115e9d7-52\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-52\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"8,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-52\"\u003eAnti-Apoptotic Effects:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-52 citation-end-52\"\u003e Protects cells from programmed cell death in models of severe mitochondrial dysfunction.\u003csup class=\"superscript\" data-turn-source-index=\"9\"\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"8,4,0\" id=\"p-rc_c38eead61115e9d7-53\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"8,4,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003ePotential Neuroprotective Properties:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-51 citation-end-51\"\u003e Demonstrates potential benefits in preclinical models of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and ALS.\u003csup class=\"superscript\" data-turn-source-index=\"10\"\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"8,5,0\" id=\"p-rc_c38eead61115e9d7-54\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-50\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"8,5,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-50\"\u003eCardioprotective Effects:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-50 citation-end-50\"\u003e Improves heart function and reduces damage in models of ischemia-reperfusion injury and heart failure.\u003csup class=\"superscript\" data-turn-source-index=\"11\"\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"8,6,0\" id=\"p-rc_c38eead61115e9d7-55\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-49\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"8,6,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-49\"\u003eAnti-Inflammatory Action:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-49 citation-end-49\"\u003e Reduces mitochondrial-driven inflammation across multiple disease models.\u003csup class=\"superscript\" data-turn-source-index=\"12\"\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"8,7,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"8,7,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eBroad Applications:\u003c\/b\u003e Actively studied for use in various conditions driven by mitochondrial dysfunction, including muscular dystrophy, chronic kidney disease, and aging-related physical decline.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-path-to-node=\"10\"\u003eChemical Structure \u0026amp; Properties\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-path-to-node=\"11\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"11,0,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"11,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003ePeptide Sequence:\u003c\/b\u003e \u003ccode data-path-to-node=\"11,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"18\"\u003eD-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2\u003c\/code\u003e (where \"Dmt\" represents a modified tyrosine residue: 2,6-dimethyltyrosine)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"11,1,0\" id=\"p-rc_c38eead61115e9d7-56\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-48\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"11,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-48\"\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-48 citation-end-48\"\u003e \u003csup class=\"superscript\" data-turn-source-index=\"13\"\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"C_{32}H_{49}N_{9}O_{5}\" data-index-in-node=\"19\"\u003e$C_{32}H_{49}N_{9}O_{5}$\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"11,2,0\" id=\"p-rc_c38eead61115e9d7-57\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-47\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"11,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-47\"\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-47 citation-end-47\"\u003e 639.8 g\/mol\u003csup class=\"superscript\" data-turn-source-index=\"14\"\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"11,3,0\" id=\"p-rc_c38eead61115e9d7-58\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-46\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"11,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-46\"\u003eCAS Number:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-46 citation-end-46\"\u003e 736992-21-5 (free base)\u003csup class=\"superscript\" data-turn-source-index=\"15\"\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"11,4,0\" id=\"p-rc_c38eead61115e9d7-59\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-45\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"11,4,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-45\"\u003eIUPAC Name:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-45 citation-end-45\"\u003e (2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2R)-2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-N-[(2S)-1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]hexanamide\u003csup class=\"superscript\" data-turn-source-index=\"16\"\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"12\" id=\"p-rc_c38eead61115e9d7-60\"\u003e\u003ci data-path-to-node=\"12\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eStructural Note:\u003c\/i\u003e \u003cspan class=\"citation-44 citation-end-44\"\u003eThis specific sequence and structure give the peptide a net 3+ positive charge.\u003csup class=\"superscript\" data-turn-source-index=\"17\"\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"citation-43 citation-end-43\"\u003eThis charge is exactly what promotes its strong electrostatic association with the anionic headgroups of cardiolipin, allowing it to preferentially accumulate inside the inner mitochondrial membrane.\u003csup class=\"superscript\" data-turn-source-index=\"18\"\u003e\u003c!----\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"BioLink Analytica","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45054344134725,"sku":null,"price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0729\/0060\/8069\/files\/SS31_-_2S10.png?v=1782365654","url":"https:\/\/www.biolinkanalytica.com\/products\/ss-31","provider":"BioLink Analytica","version":"1.0","type":"link"}